The only measurement of distortion level in a network can highlight the need for action to control it. Among those actions is, for example, the use of power filters. However, the determination of the most suitable point where the filter must be connected and its most appropriate configuration requires further analysis of the micro-network (a subset of nodes in the network with different loads connected to each). Therefore, an additional study becomes necessary to establish the responsibility of each load in global distortion levels. In addition, the establishment of the model of the most responsible loads is also necessary in order to decide the filter configuration. In this sense, the load may be voltage distorting or current distorting. All this information is provided by the device of the invention. Indeed, the device, besides distributing the responsibility for overall levels of distortion between each agent, reports whether loads are voltage harmonics or current harmonic sources. This information is the most relevant to determining the power filter settings that best mitigate the distortion in each network node.
The device is constituted by a voltage sensor and a current sensor, an electronic circuit for reading each of these measures, a microcontroller card to take synchronized measurements of voltage and current. The taken measurements are sent to a microprocessor card where the calculations are made and the user interface runs. The results of the analysis are displayed on a screen, which may or may not be a touch screen. The measurements taken and the values of the calculated parameters may be stored on the device and / or sent via network to a server to take the necessary decisions.
Briefly, the analysis of quality carried out by the device is the calculation of the spectrum and the rate of Total Harmonic Distortion, THD of voltage and current, the calculation of active and reactive fundamental and harmonic power and the calculation of the power factor. In addition, as a novelty of the proposed device, it provides an index that measures the responsibility of a load or of a set of loads in the harmonic distortion present at the measurement node.
The device uses to measure the responsibility of a load or a set of loads for the distortion level in the measurement node a couple of methods: the LCI and the HGI. The last one is based on the sign of the harmonic active power. With respect to the first one, it is based on the decomposition of the current measured at the input of the load or set of loads into two components: the first one presents the same distortion as the voltage in the node and so, it does not introduce distortion in the network. The second one is which introduces the distortion in the network. If the second is null, the load is no distorting and, otherwise, the percent of this current rms value over the rms of the total current. The device is constituted by a voltage sensor and a current sensor, an electronic circuit for reading each of these measures, a microcontroller card to take synchronized measurements of voltage and current. The taken measurements are sent to a microprocessor card where the calculations are made and the user interface runs. The results of the analysis are displayed on a screen, which may or may not be a touch screen. The measurements taken and the values of the calculated parameters may be stored on the device and / or sent via network to a server to take the necessary decisions.
Briefly, the analysis of quality carried out by the device is the calculation of the spectrum and the rate of Total Harmonic Distortion, THD of voltage and current, the calculation of active and reactive fundamental and harmonic power and the calculation of the power factor. In addition, as a novelty of the proposed device, it provides an index that measures the responsibility of a load or of a set of loads in the harmonic distortion present at the measurement node.
The device uses to measure the responsibility of a load or a set of loads for the distortion level in the measurement node a couple of methods: the LCI and the HGI. The last one is based on the sign of the harmonic active power. With respect to the first one, it is based on the decomposition of the current measured at the input of the load or set of loads into two components: the first one presents the same distortion as the voltage in the node and so, it does not introduce distortion in the network. The second one is which introduces the distortion in the network. If the second is null, the load is no distorting and, otherwise, the percent of this current rms value over the rms of the total current
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Applications
The proposed device quantifies the responsibility of each load connected to a node on the distortion existing in the node. And it only needs to do that the measurements of instantaneous voltage and current in the node. This specification opens a range of possibilities, some of which are listed below: - The device determines whether the load introduces distortion in the system or not. If so, the installation of a distortion compensator at its terminals should be considered. Otherwise, the compensator should not be connected at its terminals because the load does not produce the distortion but is affected by the existing in the network caused by other loads. - The device can be used to take measurements at various points of a microgrid (which could be an industry, a building or an industrial estate, etc.) and determine the most distorting load (that corresponding to the highest value of the parameter). The terminals of this load are the most appropriate to connect the compensator. - The two indicated options are feasible taking specific measures or conducting measurement campaigns over a period of time sufficiently large. In this way the behavioral patterns of the loads in a microrred could be established. - Finally, the parameter provided by the device can be taken as the basis for calculating surcharges corresponding to the harmonic sources on the network, analogous to surcharges corresponding to reactive power in the electrical bill.
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