Radhakrishna Ammanamanchi

Glycation and protein crosslink’s have been implicated as strong contributors to many progressive diseases of aging. Including vascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, systolic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and poor capillary circulation), kidney disease, stiffness of joints and skin, cataracts, retinopathy, neuropathy, Alzheimer’s Dementia, impaired wound healing, urinary incontinence, complications of diabetes, and cardiomyopathies (such as diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and congestive heart failure) etc. Our solution to these biological problems yielded a new class of pharmaceutical compounds that can break established AGE crosslink’s and restore the physiological system to a more ‘youthful’ state of biological process elasticity.

Our solution offered alternative chemical agents for artificial skin tanning without the disadvantages of dihydroxy acetone (DHA) or Erythrulose. As our solution explained disadvantages and previously unknown long-term side effects. Our alternative chemicals offered advantages to overcome the problems associated issues, Offered solution benefits to cosmetic industry and the consumer are enormous.

Our technique (Massive mutagenesis) is a new technology that combines the best properties of random and site-directed mutagenesis, thus which, allows the generation of large, custom, combinatorial genetic libraries. (Mutagenesis is a technique aiming at artificially modifying the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment in order to modify the biological activity deriving from it). Massive mutagenesis harbors number of interesting properties. Any desired mutation can be accommodated, including substitutions, deletions as well as insertions, just by adapting the oligonucleotide design. The technique is built around a single-strand circular amplification reaction using oligonucleotides. Massive mutagenesis generates diversified libraries, up to 109 mutants. From a gene in a plasmid, allows generation of custom mutant libraries, starting from any gene. Massive mutagenesis conceptually simple and experimentally robust. Massive mutagenesis can be applied to therapeutic and non-therapeutic proteins production.

Salt toxicity in crops is a problem in areas where irrigation uses extensively saline waters. Salinity also is a problem in areas with groundwater salinity. In some areas, soil salinity is so high that crops can't be grown. Despite decades of plant breeding efforts, researchers have not been able to develop more than a few salt-resistant (less than 1% salinity) plants. Thousands of scientific papers published on the subject, but no one knew the most fundamental thing about how sodium gets into plants. Our solution has shown how and what genes are responsible for sodium transport in the plants importantly how the salt tolerance genes function and answered one of the major questions in this field. Now it is clear that, despite the fact that salt is toxic to plants, they have a specific transport system for the uptake of salt. This means that under the high saline environments, plants have way to cope with high salt levels instead of avoiding them. Our double gene technology (to overcome the salt stress) provided new ways to agriculture biotechnology, plant breading and specific biosynthetic molecules for pharmaceutical industry.

First time we have correlated all the raw material quality parameters effects on the final POP bandage’s property. With this a high-quality POP raw material specification has been set for the production of high quality POP for quality and end use benefits.

We have provided a simple single step production process using commercially available raw material, under acid catalyst. By this method the compound of interest (Triglycol dimercaptane) is produced in lesser cost (< 7 USD/kg) compared to >15 USD/kg..

Our solution offered an alternative solvent ("green chemistry" solution) as a good replacement solvent for dichloromethane (DCM). The new versatile solvent that can directly replace or substitute DCM for many chemical production processes that requires a polar solvent like DCM. The new solvent is chemical derived from renewable sources. The new solvent has a number of positive properties that makes it a good substitute for DCM.

Our solution an “Environmentally safe Automotive and aerospace industries Composites - Cotton- Polymer Based Applications” The rationale behind this solution is to produce compostable cotton fiber-based composites that can be safely disposed off after their intended use without polluting the environment in an environmentally safe manner. These biodegradable thermoplastic not only green plastics they are also light weight. Due to these properties cotton blend plastics add enormous value addition to cotton and wide application in weight reduction which in turn saves fuel per kilometer. This value addition to cotton generates more value to farmers per Kg of produce.

Nitric Oxide Analyzer (NOA 280i) Exhaled Breath Sample nitric oxide (eNO) - as noninvasive technique for the disease screening application is an attractive analyzer to measure the exhaled NO using a wide range of techniques including On-line, Off-Line, Nasal, Breath-by-Breath and Chamber Sampling. The NOA and its accessories permit the measurements according to the American Thoracic Society recommendations for infectious disease screening of air travel passengers.

Our solution provided an air care sanitizer spray technology with a high level of cleaning power with an added benefit of total sanitization for residual activity. This disinfectant technology used typically for disinfection of aircraft galleys, passenger service trays and drop-down table surfaces etc., and other hard surfaces which require disinfection, but usage is not limited only to such applications.

Air care sanitizer technology disrupts the microbes preventing them from establishing colonies and ensuring that the remaining organisms are rendered harmless or killed. The technology used wherever microbial contamination is an issue, such as odors, decay, health issues and food processing and water environments and also for personal. It also removes biofilm formed on the material surface. It controls a huge range of different types of Microbes, Bacteria, Fungi, Mold and Virus. Air care sanitizer technology is environmentally friendly, and chemicals used are bio-degradable.

First time our innovative proposal shown a new method based on Raman signals that molecules emit in response to light by using specially designed dye-containing nanoparticles to simultaneously image two features, within single cells (myeloid leukemia cells). Although current single-cell flow-cytometry technologies can provide up to 17 simultaneous visualizations, this new method has the potential to do far more. The new technology works by enhancing the detection of ultra-specific but very weak patterns.

Adopting this technology cancer researcher have develop new imaging technology that give scientists the ability to simultaneously measure as many as 100 or more distinct features in or on a single cell. This capability has provide a much better picture of what is going on in individual tumor cells or any other cells of interest.

First time we have provided the molecular mechanism of EDTA for boosting the antimicrobial action of antibacterial agents with respect to biological macromolecules (microbial lipid membranes) the unexpected consideration as water soluble EDTA gaining access to the periplasm through the water-filled porin proteins of the outer membrane to play major roles in membrane disruption destabilization and cell lysis through intercalating with biological macromolecules lipid membranes by fluidization and protrusion of a lipid component sequestering metal ions. These findings has helped to develop new consumer products with EDTA alternatives with better microbial safety products and provide adequate periods of shelf-life for both retailers and consumers. A huge benefit to the consumer industry.

Since there is no currently to cure citrus greening, treating the disease by means of repelling the disease-spreading insect can be the choice to treat the citrus cultivation, which is threatened by a very serious disease called Citrus Greening Disease or Huanglongbing (HLB). Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is a powerful ACP repellent, but its hydrophobic nature has made its dispersion extremely difficult. We developed a novel compound which incorporates DMDS with copper in a multifunctional silica nanogel.. This compound provided a means to efficiently combat both diseases. The well-defined copper-silica nano-composition is a potent anti-bacterial which readily incorporates the DMDS and enables the chemical to be dispersed within a liquid media. Additionally, the compound increases the bioavailability of the two agents and extends their longevity. The invention of nano-gel formulation can be utilized directly as a dual treatment for citrus canker and citrus greening diseases in a single application.

We provided a new and novel non-invasive sampling of hair follicles infundibulum (sebaceous) by aspiration at a constant negative pressure.

The novel minimal invasive sampling method has following advantages;
1. The method of aspirating hair follicles to collect the microorganism contents due to negative pressure the hair follicle surface pore channel allows the microorganism specially of infundibulum.
2. The microorganism content can be subjected to site/area selective microbiome.
3. The novel method can seek to identify age-, sex-, and body-site/area-related differences in microbial colonization of the hair follicle of healthy people and compare the microbial density of subjects with and without disease.
4. The sampling negative pressure can be suitably adjusted if necessary for better control of site/area specific sampling.
5. Sample protocols can be easily adopted for clinical requirements by semiskilled clinical set-up.
6. The sampling devises are available commercially as a low-cost devises price ranging from $ 20 – 60.
7. Most cosmetic clinics can adopt the sampling procedures easily with minimal training.
8. This simple, low cost, and minimally invasive method allows the clinician to avoid other non-invasive/invasive procedures within limits of well-defined indications.
9. Less than 2 minutes is required for sampling.

We assessed the utility of gargle samples for the molecular detection of common respiratory infection of GAS. Under this assessment a paired gargle and THS samples compared by collecting on the same day from the same patient. Overall the data suggests that gargle samples are more sensitive sampling type than THS sampling, as overall the diagnostic yield was higher in the gargle samples and the Ct value of the gargle samples was stronger for the majority of samples in comparison to THS samples. Similarly, the data for the paired samples collected within one to three days of each other, although the diagnostic yield between the sample types was similar (similar discrepant results), the majority of gargles had stronger Ct values than THS samples. Therefore, it demonstrates the usefulness of gargle samples as non-invasive sensitive Pharyngitis (i.e. strep throat) sampling in comparison to THS sampling. Considering the usefulness of gargling sampling for strep throat diagnosis as it will bring benefits in terms of sensitivity and sampling ease of use at point of care or/and home sampling.

The unnatural amino acid genetic switch strategy was successfully demonstrated for HIV-1 replication, which could be precisely turned on and off in 293T cells using the unnatural genetic switch when the tRNA-CUA-aaRS* pair was expressed from a separate plasmid. While HIV-1 mutants assembled in these experiments could functionally infect reporter cells (TZM-bl), they were only able to sustain one cycle of infection due to the lack of the tRNA-CUA-aaRS* pair in host cells.

Most therapeutic agents do not naturally accumulate in intended targets in the body, which limits their efficacy and creates issues associated with off-target and systemic side effects and repetitive and complex administration regimens and costs. Utility of many drugs suffers from unfavourable solubility, pharmacokinetics, and permeability across cellular barriers. To overcome these issues of pharmacotherapy, drug targeting strategies emerged in focusing primarily on targeted drug delivery technologies.

However, myocardial ischemia needs an alternative treatment such as gene therapy for the direct protection of cardiomyocytes against necrosis or apoptosis and to prevent the development of myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Despite the utility of gene therapy, its therapeutic use is limited due to inadequate transfection in cardiomyocytes and difficulty in directing to ischemic myocardium. Our novel strategy for heart tissue binding peptide that selectively binds to cardiac tissue contains a specific amino acid sequence (5 to 12 amino acids) and functionally equivalent modification as possible. The heart tissue binding peptide selectively binds to cardiac tissue therefore, it is useful as a conjugate for selectively targeting systemically administered therapeutic agent to cardiac tissue. Such selective targeting of a therapeutic agent increases the effective amount of drug delivered to the heart tissue while reducing the adverse effect on other organs tissues. The utilization of this novel cardiac specific binding peptide and other related peptides identified as endothelial cells receptors (e.g. ischemic tissue, fibrin, atherosclerotic plaques) for heart specific targeted drug delivery has won this award.

Transient protein-ligand interactions are essential for cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. A range of biophysical methods have been developed to probe noncovalent protein interactions and the formation of protein complexes. However, these studies methods are limited by requirements with respect to the quantity of the sample, molecular size, persistence of the labile complexes during the measurement, and resistance of dynamic species to dissociation during sample preparation. Surface-based techniques are widely used to detect and characterize protein-protein interactions. Such methods, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are convenient, as they can be automated, but they require the attachment of one of the binding partners to a functionalized surface, hence the process which can affect the binding equilibrium. Gas phase methods avoid the use of surfaces, and elegant studies of protein complex formation have been made using this approach, but it can be complex and costly to implement.

To achieve the desired label-free, immobilization-free two techniques have selected for the award.

The proposal addressed a range of physical behavior and structures present in pediatric powder formulations. Some type of powders shows upon reconstitution, insoluble separation for convenience these insoluble materials termed as white flakes (WF). An analytical method for the measurement of WF accurately and reproducible quantitative method described in relation to the appearance and dispersibility of a pediatric powder after mixing with water.

A reliable reconstituted powder to creaming and sedimentation measurement using LumiFuge 116 stability analyzer (L.U.M GmbH, Berlin, Germany) was shown to address the analytical challenge.

Crop yield improvement using a specific gen modification